AKT1 and melanoma: In addition, the gene PIK3CA, which encodes phosphatidylino-sitol 3-kinases (PI3ks) [45], has been implicated in the modulation of ferroptosis in various diseases, including melanoma [46], rheumatoid arthritis [47], and lung injury [48], primarily via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.