IFNG and COVID-19: Furthermore, in a recent study that applied lipid SQ nanoparticles (SQ@NP) as an adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccines in an animal model, the secretion of cytokines in splenocytes, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10, was significantly enhanced after adjuvanted of S-protein vaccine with SQ@NP.