In contrast, in the E0771-bearing C57BL/6 mouse model, obesity not only led to an increase in ECM1 protein levels within sEVs (Fig. 1i), but it also resulted in a significant elevation of tumor ECM1 protein levels, as well as the downstream proteins MMP3 and S100A/B, compared to CD mice (Supplementary Fig. S10a). Here, ECM1 is linked to neoplasm.