The JUPITER-06 study[18] (Fig. 1C) evaluated patients with ESCC randomized to toripalimab plus chemotherapy compared to placebo plus chemotherapy and retrospectively evaluated OS by PD-L1 status as defined by CPS ≥ 1 (n = 401) or CPS < 1 (n = 87). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.