RPL17 and cancer: In addition, GSEA for GSE102349 and TCGA-HNSC datasets were conducted for the further research, which showed that there were five immune-related pathways (PD − L1 expression and PD − 1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, and Th17 cell differentiation) enriched in both two low-risk groups (Fig. 5E, F).