Interestingly, GSDMs are known to be activated by gut microbiota and GSDMc is associated with enhanced tumour growth in CRC mouse models.56,57 In addition, GSDMc is associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast or lung cancer.58,59 GSDMc induces a shift from apoptosis to pyroptosis,60 which was also observed in our RNA sequencing data as pyroptotic processes were up-regulated and apoptotic processes were down-regulated. Here, GSDMC is linked to neoplasm.