Type I IFNs have been shown to be effective against various diseases, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified IFN-α2b (PegIntron) [39] and next-generation pegylated interferon (Ropeginterferon α2b) [40,41] for HCV and HBV, IFN-α (Sumiferon) for renal cancer and multiple myeloma [42], and IFN-β1b (Betaseron) and IFN-β1a (Avonex) for multiple sclerosis [43], but their underlying mechanisms of action are different. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is renal carcinoma.