TNF and Dravet syndrome: Similar to corneal epithelia, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the conjunctiva of DS mice increased to 2.87 ± 0.84 fold (p = 0.0009), 1.80 ± 0.35 fold (p = 0.0001), and 3.31 ± 0.83 fold (p = 0.0001), respectively, but significantly decreased to normal or near normal levels (1.67 ± 0.44 (p = 0.0371), 1.25 ± 0.28 (p = 0.0126), and 1.72 ± 0.61 (p = 0.0006)) in DS mice treated with 2% ectoine eye drops (Figure 3B).