NFKB1 and breast carcinoma: Since the NF-κB pathway also plays a significant role in regulating redox reactions [48], it is hypothesized that the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway serves as a central hub in the regulation of 2’-HC against breast cancer, which could contribute to the excessive accumulation of ROS, the activation of JNK, and the inhibition of MMP9 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and eventually causes autophagy and apoptosis.