CCL2 and Insulin resistance: Similarly, in response to palmitic acid (PA) stimulation, which induces insulin resistance [41,42], L6 myotubes treated with butyrate at both a low and high concentration (0.5 mM and 2.5 mM, respectively) had a potent inhibitory effect on inflammatory transcription factor activation (NFκB p65 and STAT3) and myokine secretion (IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES) [40].