PNPLA3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, a recent case–control study (161 T2DM offsprings and 78 controls) has shown that parental history of T2DM increased the risk of NAFLD-associated significant fibrosis evaluated by transient elastography (OR: 8.89 [1.09–72.01], p = 0.041) after adjustment for confounding factors (age, gender, metabolic traits, and PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms) [149].