To evaluate the impact of LA on dopaminergic neuronal damage and microglia activation in the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD, we examined the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a specific marker for dopaminergic neurons, and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), a sensitive marker for microglial activation. The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is Parkinson disease.