SMAD7 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In larger arteries of 400–599 μm, pSmad2/3: Smad-7 expression was 19.2%:19.8% in IPF and 3.2%:3.7% in NC, and in 600–1000 μm arteries, it was 16.5%:11.0% in IPF and 1.5%:2.0% in NC.