Both real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms can be used to detect mutations in CCA-associated genes (e.g., ARID1A, PBRM1, MTOR, FGFR2, and TP53) in plasma cfDNA from CCA patients [64]. Here, ARID1A is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.