SMAD2 and breast cancer: These include EMT (TWIST1, SNAIL1, RUNX1, RUNX2, HIF1, and NOTCH1), breast cancer maintenance (OCT4, SP1, GATA1, ATF1, FOXO3a, ELK1, VDR, and NRF1), pro-metastatic responses (SMAD2/3, HNF1a, GLI1, NANOG, YY1, MYB1, and AP1), and immune modulation (STAT1/3) (Figure 8).