In the present study, 31.5% of patients with untreated EGFR- or ALK-positive lung cancer were non-responsive to matched EGFR- or ALK-targeted therapy; accordingly, they had poor PFS (2.8 months, 95% CI, 1.5–4.1 months), indicative of persistent deficiencies in current genomic-data-guided targeted therapy. Here, ALK is linked to lung cancer.