In multiple bladder cancer preclinical models, Kwon et al. found that the male sex bias of bladder cancer is largely mediated by CD8+ T cells, that AR signaling promotes CD8+ T-cell exhaustion via TCF1, and that a blockade of androgen signaling improves the efficacy of the anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade [49]. This evidence concerns the gene AR and urinary bladder carcinoma.