Consistent with this concept, more recent evidence shows that the AR degradation enhancer ASC-J9 or the anti-androgen flutamide enhances the anti-tumor effects of BCG immunotherapy in bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo [40]; it also shows a possible mechanism of AR-mediated BCG resistance through the GTPase Rab27b [58]. Here, AR is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.