As the majority of bladder cancers are non-invasive and or localized at diagnosis, of equal or greater importance is the potential ability to inhibit f AR signaling to optimize clinical outcomes in conjunction with local (intravesical) immunotherapies such as bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), nadofaragene firadenovec [83], nogapendekin alfa inbakicept [84], cretostimogene grenadenorepvec [85], and others. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.