Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antibodies to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programed cell death-1 (PD-1), and programed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have been reported to be clinically effective for patients with NSCLC [7,8]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.