Studies have shown the presence of insulin receptors in the developing lung [38], but while the lungs’ extent of insulin sensitivity is unknown, it is assumed that (like most other tissues) hyperinsulinemia is accompanied by reduced insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP-1 and -3) and increased free insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) [39,40]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and hyperinsulinism.