It has been reported that patients with allergic rhinitis had increased MIP-1α/CCL3 and other chemokines in nasal fluids, relative to healthy subjects, after nasal delivery of R848, a PAMP viral RNA analogue, highlighting that dysregulated innate immune responses of nasal mucosa in allergic individuals may be important in determining the outcome of viral exposures [23]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and allergic rhinitis.