CCL2 and allergic rhinitis: MCP-1/CCL2 was found to be highly expressed in most of the allergic rhinitis patients’ nasal samples compared to control samples of nonallergic nasal mucosa, in a microarray analysis, which can act as a recruiter of regulatory and effector CD4+ T and CD8+ T leukocytes, stimulating histamine or leukotriene release from mast cells or basophils and inducing fibrosis due to TGF-β and procollagen [24].