PTPN22 and Autoimmunity: It is worth noting that the rs2476601 loci of the PTPN22 gene and rs11203203 of the UBASH3A gene are associated with the emergence of autoimmunity to pancreatic β-cells, while polymorphic variants of the INS, UBASH3A, and IFIH1 genes are associated with the transition from an autoimmune reaction against pancreatic β-cells to the development of clinical diabetes.