CCN2 and cancer: Identified as an oncogene in multiple cancers, including melanoma [110], chondrosarcoma [111], acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [112], and pancreatic cancer [113], CTGF’s clinical relevance is underscored by its positive correlation with bone metastasis [114], glioblastoma growth [115], poor prognosis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma [116], aggressive behaviour of pancreatic cancer cells [117], and invasive melanoma [118].