TNF and endothelial dysfunction: In Zucker obese fatty (ZOF) prediabetic rats, TNF-α is reported to induce endothelial dysfunction, as the administration of TNF-α in coronary arteries caused the expression of NAD(P)H, increased superoxide anions, and inhibited endothelium-induced vasodilation via eNOS and abrogated endothelium-dependent dilation [174].