Understanding the dual roles of autophagy in cancer—serving as both an immune response facilitator and a tumor growth promoter—underscores the need to categorize ALK + NSCLC based on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET signaling or autophagy-related subtypes to guide treatment decisions for optimal patient outcomes (Figure 3) [43]. Here, HGF is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.