Our results demonstrated that the cecal gene expression of IL-6, CXCL2 (murine IL-8 homologue), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17a, IL-22, and CRAMP (homologue of human cathelicidin LL-37) (as shown in Figure 3) was significantly elevated in the mice with P. aeruginosa-infected colitis after chemotherapy. Here, TNF is linked to colitis.