CD4 and colitis: SCPE can modulate the composition of gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice, increase the richness of gut microflora, enrich the beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia and Lactobacillus), increase the production of SCFAs, improve the mucosa barrier function, cut down the proportions of CD4+T and CD8+T lymphocytes, decrease the proportions of Th17 cells, increase the proportions of Treg cells, inhibit the expression of Th17 cytokines, and reduce IL-17 levels.