PVT1 and nephrolithiasis: Moreover, the elevated expression of ceRNAs such as NEAT1, PVT1, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-429, hsa-miR-139-5p, CCL7, and ROBO2, along with the presence of infiltrating immune cells like Mps and mast cells, may be associated with the development of kidney stones [25].