NOS2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Strikingly, M1-like macrophages were observed in Gadd45b-deficient HCC tumors, characterized by high expression of inflammatory markers, such as iNOS, COX-2 and MHC-II than Gadd45b+/+ HCCs, suggesting that Gadd45β loss increases the M1-like polarization state via upregulation of p38 signaling.