TLR4 and neoplasm: Studies conducted by Lee and collaborators pointed out how NF-κB activation plays an important role in controlling the communication between tumor cells and TAMs through TLR4, reporting how NF-κB activation, on one hand, sustains cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and on the other hand, induces TAMs to release inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in the TME, that in turn, support tumor proliferation, thus creating a vicious circle.