TNF and colonic neoplasm: Interestingly, the reduced p65 phosphorylation and the downregulation of NF-κB-related downstream genes involved in cell cycle, EMT, and inflammation (e.g., CyclinD1, E-cadherin, and TNF-α) as well as in the recruitment of M2-like TAMs within the TME, has been found in colon cancer cells expressing PHD2 and in PHD2-overexpressing colon cancer xenografts, suggesting that NF-κB mediates the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects of PHD2 in colon cancers [129].