For instance, STAT1, the transcription factor, typically plays a protective role in anti-tuberculosis immunity, exerted an inhibitory effect on hBD1 expression in AEC-II cells, while CEBPB, which promotes DEFB1 transcription, exerts opposing effects depending on its binding to different sites on the DEFB1 promoter in some cells infected with Mtb. The gene discussed is DEFB1; the disease is tuberculosis.