Despite the fact that, in general, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in immune cells exerts antitumor effects, triggering the immune response against cancer cells [35], NLRP3 inflammasome activation in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the subsequent IL-1β production was shown to promote PD-L1 expression in neoplastic cells via the activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade [189]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and cancer.