While the expression pattern and function of miR-320c in cancer have not been well studied, Peng et al. reported that levels of EV-derived miR-320c were significantly increased in pretreatment plasma from EGFR/ALK-negative NSCLC patients who were resistant to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy compared with those who demonstrated a response [30]. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.