Further changes in bacterial α- and β-diversity in NSCLC patients’ lung tumor tissues, parenchyma tissues, and stool samples depending on the patients’ demographic characteristics (smoking status) and clinical data (COPD, histology type, stage of NSCLC, degree of histologic differentiation in cancer cells, and CD8+ T-lymphocyte count in malignant lung tissue) were identified (Supplementary Tables S5–S8, S10 and S12). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is cancer.