Similar to melanoma, CSDE1 maintains the invasive phenotype of colorectal, pancreatic and lung cancer cells [22,23,24,25], while in squamous cell carcinoma, paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma, CSDE1 behaves as a tumor suppressor [26,27]. Here, CSDE1 is linked to hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma.