Patients without AF recurrence demonstrated a decrease in ET-1 levels three months after ablation getting closer to the level of the healthy volunteers (2.33 pg/mL vs. 2.57 pg/mL; p < 0.01), whereas ET-1 levels in patients with AF recurrence remained unchanged at an elevated level (2.83 pg/mL vs. 2.96 pg/mL; p = 0.09).MCP-1 plasma levels increased after ablation independent from AF recurrence; CGA levels increased significantly only in patients without recurrence towards the level of healthy controls, but not in patients with recurrence. The gene discussed is EDN1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.