EDN1 and Venous thrombosis: Among functional antibodies, besides those targeting GPCRs, anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies (AECA) are a heterogeneous group that can bind to proteins and molecules expressed on the ECs’ surface, resulting in several pathophysiological effects, such as direct or indirect cytotoxicity, ECs apoptosis and activation with increased leukocyte adhesion, coagulation activation, vascular thrombosis, and the release of profibrotic (transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-β) and vasoactive (endothelin-1, ET-1) mediators [21].