VSNL1 and Alzheimer disease: VILIP-1 levels in the CSF also help discriminate between patients with AD and patients with Lewy bodies, which are difficult to diagnose based on clinical symptoms [242], and these levels also have a predictive power for the differential diagnosis of AD and MCI, especially in conjunction with conventional biomarkers such as p-tau181 and Aβ(1-42) [241].