In this study, the authors have shown that butyrate coupled with IFN-γ dictates the balance between FOXP3 isoforms, FOXP3 ∆2 and full-length FOXP3, in the intestine of non-celiac controls, contrary to what happens in celiac disease patients, in whom lactate increases both isoforms [51]. This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and celiac disease.