TNF and musculoskeletal system disorder: Chronic systemic inflammation, often characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory markers like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), has been associated with the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), one of the prevailing musculoskeletal disorders with clinical manifestations involving pain and functional limitations, encompassing joint stiffness and dysfunction, and the gradual degenerative deterioration of cartilage, accompanied by synovitis as the primary morphological feature [16].