TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Inflammation of the adipose tissue is mediated by inflammatory cytokines, such as IL1-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), as well as chemokines including MCP-1, which are produced by M1 macrophages in the adipose tissue of individuals with obesity [11,27,28,29].