The IBD patients carried hepcidin levels significantly lower than the levels of patients with anemia of inflammation but comparable with the levels of patients affected by anemia caused by celiac disease who were used as controls (IBD patients vs. celiac disease patients, respectively, mean ± SD 6.8 ± 3.6 vs. 6.6 ± 5.9). Here, HAMP is linked to anemia (phenotype).