TPI1 and giardiasis: Figure 3b and Figure 4e present the collected data related to this molecular tool as a diagnostic method. Notably, the qPCR technique was the most employed with 23 reports, followed by the nested PCR and PCR techniques, each with 20 reports (Figure 4e). The genetic targets most commonly used for giardiasis diagnosis were summarized, with the small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene being the predominant choice, followed by Triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (Figure 4f).