Furthermore, gene expression of microglia nodules in MS indicates they may be under metabolic stress (compared to MS non-nodular NAWM: PPRC1, SAMM50, MTG1, after correction MTG1; compared to microglia nodules in stroke: ACOX1, COA4, MTG1, PPRC1, SAMM50, after correction MTG1) and may be responding to as well as producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) (compared to microglia nodules in stroke: ASPDH, BID, CRYZL1, IDH1, MAOB, SMAD3, none after correction). Here, SMAD3 is linked to stroke disorder.