These include PCGEM1 which has been shown to increase expression of AR splice variants, HOTAIR which leads to increased AR expression and may contribute to enzalutamide resistance, and MALAT1 and SCHLAP1, which have been demonstrated to be upregulated in mCRPC and interact with EZH2 and the SWI/SNF complex, respectively, to promote prostate cancer cell invasion4,11,12. This evidence concerns the gene SCHLAP1 and Familial prostate cancer.