PTGS2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Since a humanized monoclonal antibody against Ccn2/Ctgf (Pamrevlumab) has already been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, it appears reasonable to assess its applicability for the treatment of OA.45,46 Additionally, Cox-2 inhibitors may be evaluated as potential inhibitors of osteophyte formation.