This finding may help explain the results of the CHECKMATE-078 trial, which enrolled 504 NSCLC patients (451 from China), and showed that nivolumab extended overall survival compared to docetaxel in patients with squamous (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61) and non-squamous (HR = 0.76) NSCLC.[21] Taken together, these findings suggest that squamous cell carcinoma may exhibit better sensitivity to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents than adenocarcinomas in Chinese NSCLC. Here, PDCD1 is linked to squamous cell carcinoma.