PDCD1 and neoplasm: Multiple anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies have been approved for first- and second-line treatment patients with advanced NSCLC.[4–7] In the first-line setting, pembrolizumab monotherapy demonstrated superior efficacy compared to chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC who tested negative for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) sensitizing mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions and exhibited a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥ 1%.[4,5]