CCL5 and Alzheimer disease: CCL5 can induce immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, which is linked to the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis and other acute allergic reactions.[28] Elevated IgE responses may reflect increased responses of Th2 cytokines with a concomitant decrease in IFN-γ production in patients with AD.[29] Some pathogens such as Malassezia, might exert their role by specifically binding to IgE.