The dysregulated expression levels of ADIPOQ,[37] CCL2,[38] DLK1,[39] ESM1,[40] F3,[41] IGF1,[42] IGFBP1,[43] IGFBP2,[44] IGFBP5,[45] IL6,[46] POSTN,[47] RARRES2,[48] SERPINE1,[49] TIMP1,[50] genetic polymorphisms of EGF,[51] and epigenetic variations of both CXCL2 and CXCL5[52] were shown to underlie PAC pathogenesis and prognosis. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP5 and gonorrhea.