Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), represented by pioglitazone (PGZ) and rosiglitazone (ROSI) agents, are a class of oral insulin-sensitising agents used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus, or T2DM (DeFronzo et al., 2019; Wajid et al., 2019). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.