In addition, some of the cytokines (IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-23) and chemokines, including CCL11, CCL17, CCL19 to 22, CCL25 to 27, and CCL29, were upregulated in COVID-19 patients, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 modulates NF-κB signaling and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Here, NFKB1 is linked to COVID-19.