ACE and congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation: Several examples of potential therapeutic targets contributing to CAVD initiation include 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein(a), angiotensin II, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and matrix metalloproteinases [6,106,107,108].